Machine for making screws



(No Model.) 12 sheetssheet 1.

' J. HARTNESS.

MAGHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS. No. 457,967. Patented' 111g.y 18, 1891.

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J. HARTNESS. MACHINE POR MAKING lSGREWS.

n lh h R Patented Aug. 18,A 1891.

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J. HARTNBSS. MACHINE MAKING SCRBWS.

Patented Aug. 18,

FIG 7 (No Model.) 12 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. HARTNBSS. MACHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS.

NoI 457,967. Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

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*WWA/55555; INVENTUR! mw S v(No Model.) 12 Sheets-'Sheet 5.

' J. HARTNESS.

MGHINE FOR 'MAKING lSCREWS.

(No Model.)

' 12 Sheetsd-.Sheet 6. J. HARTNESS. MACHINE FOB. MAKING SCREWS.

Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

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J.'HARTNE SS. MACHINE FOR-MAKINGSCREWS.

Pgtented Aug. 18, 1891.

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J. HARTNESS. MACHINE FOR MAKING SGRBWS.

8 m l, V 8 w 1 MINIMUM-1H" (N0 MOdGL) 12 Sh'eetsQSheet 9.

J. HARTNESS. y MAGHINE FOR MAKING SGREWS.

No.A 457,967. Patented Aug. 18, 1891.

/N VEN TUR' WWA/55555,' M/-W 12 Sheets-Sheet 10.

(No Model.)

l J. HARTNBSS. MACHINE POR MAKING SGRBWS.

No. 457,967. PatentedAug. 18, 1891.

WWA/55555.' VEA/TUR: mw

ha mms crans no 12 sheets-'sheet 12. J. HARTNESS.` MACHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS'.

Patented Aug-18, 1891.

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(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

MACHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent N0. 457,967, dated August 18, 1891. Application led January 9, 1891. Serial No. 377,238. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES I-IARTNESS, of Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turret-Lathes or Screw-Machines, ot' which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object to provide a turret-lathe or screw-machine capable of performing a greater Variety of work than any machine of this class now generally known, and particularly capable of turning long and comparatively slender pieces of work without deflecting or springing the Work out of true when it is being acted upon ata distance from the chuck that holds and rotates it.

The invention also has for its object to enable several distinct operations to be performed on the same piece of work by a corresponding number of tools and to automatically determine the extent of operation of each tool, so that each can perform its allotted Work and no more.

The invention also has for its object to provide various improvements in machines of this class looking to the accuracy, durability, and general efficiency of the machine.

To these ends the invention consists in the improvements which I will now proceed to describe and claim.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a turretflathe or screwmachine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a top view of the same, the tools being removed from the turret or tool-holder. Fig. 3 represents a longitudinal section on line 3 3of Fig. 2 on a larger scale. Fig. 4 represents a section on line 4 4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 represents a top view of a portion ot' the machine, showing the turret provided with a series of tools. Fig. 6 represents a top View of a portion of the bed ot the lathe. Fig. 7 represents a side view of one of the adjustable bars on the lathe-bed. Fig. 3 represents a top view of a portion of the lathe-bed and the carrier thereon, the turretbeing removed to show the mechanism below it. Fig. S represents a side elevation of a part of the construction shown in Fig. 8 on a larger scale, part of said Fig. 8f* being in section.

Fig. 9

represents a sectional view of the carrier and turret, showing the turret locked to the car rier by the latch or index provided forA that purpose. Fig. 10 represents a similar View showing the latch or index retracted to release the turret and permit its rotation. Fig. 1l represents a transverse section of the machine on the line 11 11 ot' Fig. 1. Fig. 12 represents a detail of the turret-rotating rack. Fig. 13 represents a side elevation of the turret and a sectional View of the gib that secures it. Fig. 14 represents a sectional View of the carrier and turret and a portion of the bed, showing the means for automatically arresting the forward movement of the carrier. Fig. 15 represents a bottom plan view of the turret. Fig. 16 represents a top View of the ratcheted pinion which forms a part of the turretrotating mechanism. Fig. 17 represents a side view of the turret and a part of the automatic stopping mechanism. Fig. 18 represents a top view of the automatic turret stopping or arresting devices shown in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 represents a perspective sectional view of the ratcheted pinion shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 20 represents a side View of said pinion with some of its gravitating pawls resting on its upper end. Fig. 21 represents a perspective sectional View of the carrier and turret, together with portions of the mechanism for unlocking and rotating the turret and for disconnecting the turret and carrier from the feed-shaft. Figs. 22 to 26,inclusive, represent details of the disconnecting devices. Fig. 27 represents a side elevation of a portion of the carrier and feed-shaft, showing the means for supporting the feed-shaft in engagement with the train of gears on the carrier and for permitting the disconnection of the feed-shaft from said train. Fig. 28 represents a side elevation ofV a portion of the lathe-bed and the carrier and turret thereon. Fig. 29 represents an end view of the devices shown in Fig. 28. Figs. 30 and 3l represent views of different forms of operating-tools. Fig. 32 represents an elevation of one end of the machine. Fig. 33 represents an elevation of the opposite end of the machine. Fig. 34 represents a side ele- Vosion of a portion of the bed, showing the means for operating the belt-shipper. Fig. 35 represents a top view of the belt-shipper and IGC the cone-pulleys on which runs the belt with which the shipper is engaged. Fig. 36 represents a top view of the shipper removed from the belt. Fig. 37 represents a side view of the shipper, its operating slide or iack, and the xed guide for said slide or rack. Fig. represents an edge view of the shipper. Fig. 39 represents a transverse section of portions of the carrier and bed. Fig. 40 represents a side elevation of the bed, showing the supports ot' the bed partly in section. Fig. 4l represents a top view of the hed and one of its supports. Fig. 42 represents a section'on line 42 42 of Fig. 40. Fig. 43 represents a side elevation of one of the heads supporting the latlie-spindle. Fig. 44 represents a section on line 44 44 ot Fig. 43.

The saine letters of reference indicate the saine parts in all the iigures.

In the drawings, a represents the bed of the lathe, which is mounted en suitable legs or supports, and is provided with ways h b, upon which the carrier c travels lengthwise of the bed. rThe rotary turret d, hereinafter described, is mounted upon the carrier c,said turret having a series of operating-tools which are adapted to be brought successively into position to act upon the stock e, held by the chuck f.

g represents the spindle which supports the chuck and is rotated in suitable bearings 71. in the liead-stock of the lathe.

The turret d is of circular forni, and is provided at its center with a downwardly-projecting stud or journal d', which is iitted to rotate in a bearing c in the carrier c, Fig. 14. On the upper surface of the turret is formed a series of radial grooves cl2, which receive projections t" on the tool-carrying brackets t, said-brackets being adapted to be adjusted as to their distance from the center of the turret by sliding in the grooves d2. The brackets may be att-aclied to the turret by anysuitable means, as by bolts or screws passing through their bosses into holes in the bottoms of the grooves d2. Each bracket t carries a tool peculiar to itself, there being, therefore, a series ot differently-shaped tools upon the turret. For example, one bracket niay have a turning-tool, the next a milling-tool or a chasing-tool, die., while another bracket may have a cutting-oit tool. In Fig. 5 I have shown the bracket which is located in operative relation to the stock e, as provided with an ordinary turning-tool j, (shown also in Fig. 30,) said tool being secured to a holder L7', attached in any suitable way to the bracket t and arranged to act on the periphery of the stock c. The holder j is here shown as pivoted at js to the bracket andprovided with a camj, projecting from one side of theholder into an orifice in the bracket. One side of said cam bears on a stop at one side of the orifice jf, and when the cam is turned half around from the position shown in Fig. 30, by

means of its handle j, it moves the carrier inwardly to the predetermined position it oecupies when in operation. Provision is thus in ade for quickly and accurately throwing the tool into its operative position. Said position may be varied by means of an adjustable stop-screwj?, Fig. 5, located in the oritice j in position to receive the bearing of the cam. The turning-tool is located at one side of the bracket '11, that supports it, and said bracket has an orifice which receives the stock c, the stock passing through the bracket, as shown in Fig. 5, excepting when the moveinent of the carrier has conveyed the tool to the outer end of the stock, as shown in Fig. I. I have shown some of the brackets on the turret as annular and formed to hold a series ot tools with the annulus of the bracket. Each annular bracket has a base provided with a projection i', as shown in Fig. 31, and with two semicircnlar sides 'i2 t2, which collectively form a ring which is divided at its upper portion at il, so that the ring can be compressed by means of a bolt t4, working in sockets 'i5 on the sides t2. XVithin the cut ring is placed a continnoiis or uncut ring t6, constituting the holder for the series of tools t7.

The form of holder last described is forv round-shanked tools, and it may contain tools for milling, chasing, screw-cutting, dro.

I have shown three tool-liolders on the turl ret in Fig. 5; but it is obvious that the number of these tool-holders may be greater or less, each holder having tools differing from those of the others. I also show in Fig. 5 a cutting-off tool y2, mounted on a suitable bracket or support,whicli is engaged with one of the grooves of the turret.

To the bracket t', supporting the turningtoolj, I secure a rest 7c, formed to hear upon the stock at a point about opposite the point of bearing of the toolj thereon. The object of this rest is to steady the stock and prevent it from being sprung or deiected to one side of its axis by the pressure of the tool against it, particularly when the tool is bearing on the stock at a point distant from the chuck, where the stock is rigidly held. This feature-viz., a rest which travels with the tool and supports the stock against the pressure of the tool-is one of considerable importance in turning elongated pieces of work which project to a considerable distance from the chuck when the work is not stiff enough to stand against the pressure of the tool. It will be observed that the rest 71:,inoving with the tool and supporting the stock at the opposite side from the point where the tool acts, it' arranged to bear on the periphery that has been turned by the action of the tool, or, in other words, to follow the tool, will enable long pieces of work to be accurately and rapidly turned, the rest following the tool and bearing on the surface produced by the tool throughout the entire operation,so that when the turning operation is commenced at a point close to the chuck and progresses away from the chuck the part first turned, which is rigidly supported by its close proximity to IOO IIO

IISl

the chuck, becomes the guide for the whole turning operation by the bearing of the backrest 7c upon the turned surface. The backrest 7i; is shown as a vertical plate having work-receiving notches 7c 7s in its opposite edges, (see Fig. 30,) said notches being of different sizes to accommodate different diameters of stock. The rest is secured by the insertion of its ends in`slots in guide-blocks Z l, attached to the bracket z'.

m' represents a vertical bar which is held I against the rear edge of the rest k by means of bolts m m', working in tapped sockets in the guide-blocks Z l, said bar being adjustable by means of the bolts to adapt the rest to the diameter of the stock. The bar m has an open slot at its lower end, which enablesit to swing on and off the lower boltm, thus quickly releasing and confining the back-rest. The rest is thus enabled to be removed while the turningtool is commencing its work and to be readily put in place after a surface has been formed by the tool of sufficient width to support the rest.

The turret is provided on its under side with a series of sockets n, Figs. 9, 10, l5, and 2l, corresponding in numberand position to the operating-tools above referred to. Said sockets co-operate with a locking bolt or indeX 0, which is vertically-movable in a socket in the carrier c, and is forced upwardly by a spring o', so that it springs into any socket that may be brought into line with it by the rotation of the turret. Hence the turret may be locked in as many positions as there are sockets. The turret is locked in the manner described wheneveran operating-tool is in position to act on the stock.

After the operating-tool has performed its allotted work on the stock and passed off from the same, as indicated in Fig. l, the turret is first unlocked and then partially rotated to bring another tool into operative position by the means next described.

p represents a bar, which is movable horizontally on the carrier c and has a limited longitudinal movement in the direction of travel of the carrier. upon the Ways b. Said har projects outwardly from the carrier and is in position to abut against the stop p', attac-hed to the lathe-bed a, when the carrier has nearly reached the limit of its movement away from the work-holding chuck. The contact of the bar p with the stop p arrests the movement of said bar before the movement of the carrier is arrested, so that a dog p2, pivoted to the forward end of the bar p, is caused to bear upon a projection q on a lever q', which is pivoted at q2 to the carrier and moves therewith. rlhe lever g is engaged at its swinging end with a slot in the lockingpin o, and is normally raised with said pin by the spring 0. It will be seen that when the dog p2 comes in contact with the projection q it depresses said projection, the lever` q', and the pin o, engaged with said lever, as shown in Fig. l0, thus unlocking the turret formed on the bar p, co-operates with a pinion p4, Fig. S, engaged with the turret in the manner presently described, and rotates said pinion and the turret during the concluding portion of the movement of the carrier, the turret being thus first automatically unlocked and then automatically rotated. The lever q is held in the depressed position to which it was forced by the dog p2 by means of a spring catch or hook s, which engages the lever and holds the same depressed in the manner indicated in Fig. ll. The object of said hook is to prevent the locking-pin o from engaging a socket n, that may be moved over it, unless it is intended that the turret shall be locked by the co-operation of such socket with the pin.

The turret is provided with a series of knocking-off screws s', which are arranged in positions corresponding to the operating-tools, and are vertically adjustable in the turret, so that they can be adjusted, as shown in Fig. ll, to strike the catch s, or can be raised so that they will pass over the catch without striking it. lVhen it is desired that the turret shall be stopped and locked when each operating-tool reaches its operative position, all the knocking-oit screws s are depressed, so that each in turn will displace the catch S and knock it off from the lever q', thus permitting the spring o to project the pin 0 into any socket that may come in line with it. If, on the other hand, it is desired to permit one of the operating-tools to pass by its operative position without being arrested, the screw s accompanying such tool is raised, so that it will pass over the catch s without displacing the latter. Under these conditions the rotation of the turret will be continued until the catch s is knocked off by a succeeding screw s, said screw accompanying the tool that is to be locked in its operative position. The movement of the turret and its carrier away from the chuck having been completed, the carrier is moved back toward the chuck by a reversal of the mechanism that gives the car rier its progressive movement in case it is desired to prosecute the work while the turret is moving toward the chuck. Assuming this to be the case, the motion of the carrier-feeding mechanism is automatically reversed by any suitable means such as are well known in lathes now in general use, and the carrier and turret are moved toward the chuck, the tool operating on the stock during its movement toward the chuck. As the carriermoves toward the chuck, the bar p during the first part of the movement of the carrier is held by the stress of,a spring p5 against the-fixed stop p until the guide p on the carrier, which supports the inner end of said spring, is sufficiently removed-from the stop p to permit the spring to expand toits normal condition,

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and thus bring the shoulder 19T against said guide p, as shown in Fig. 9. The b'ar p is therefore held stationary against the stop p during the commencement of the backward movement of the carrier until it is restored to its normal position with relation to the carrier and turret. To prevent the rack-teeth of the bar p from rotating the turret backwardly while said bar is thus held at rest during the commencement of the backward movement of the turret,l make the pinion p4 free to rotate loosely in one direction upon an annular boss or bearing cl3, the arrange ment being such that during the movement of the pinion p4, caused by its engagement with the bar p while the carrier is moving` backwardly the pinion will rotate loosely. 'lo this end thc upper end of the pinion is provided with a series of teeth p8, which are formed to engage a series of gravitating cylindrical dogs 299, which are movable vertically in sockets formed for them in the turret, said teeth being of such form that when the pinion is rotating loosely, as last described, the inclined sides of the teeth will slip under the dogs and raise the same, so that they will not constitute an operative connection between the pinion and the turret. W'hen the pinion is rotated in the opposite direction, however, to rotate the turret as first described, the vertical sides of the teeth p8 engage the dogs p in such way as to impart rotary motion to the turret through said dogs. After the bar p has reached a bearing on the guide QJ the bar moves with the carrier and turretand the backward rotation of the pinion ceases.

Myinvention includes automatic means for automatically disconnecting the feed mechanism from the carrier during the movement of the latter toward the chuck when the turret is at any desired point in the movement of the turr'etioward the chuck, so that the operating-tool may be caused to cease its operation at any desired point. To this end I provide the bed with a longitudinal recess a', Fig. 6, in which are placed a series of parallel bars d2, of which there are as many as there are operating-tools on the turret. Each bar n? is provided near its forward end, or the end nearest the chuck, with a notch n.3.

Pivotally connected to the carrier c by means of a stud or pivot c is a series of dogs c2, corresponding in number to the bars a?. Said dogs are arranged over the bars a2, each dog coinciding with one of the bars, so that when any dog reaches a position over the notch a3 of the bar under it it will drop into said notch and thereby cause the automatic disconnection of the feed mechanism from the carrier through the intermediate devices next described.

t represents the shaft of the feed mechanism, the same being mounted near one end in a bearing t', which is pivoted at t2 to the fixed frame of the machine (see Fig. l) and is mounted near its other end 1n a verticallymovable beari1igt,Figs. 27 and 28. The feedshaft t has a worm t4, which meshes with the gear t5 of the train of gearing mounted on the apron c3 of the carrier c, the pinion t, forming the last member of said train, engaging a rack f7, atlixed to the supporting-frame. The rotation of the train of gearing, imparted thereto through the feed-shaft t, causes the engagement of the pinion t with the rack t? to move the carrier and turret along the bed of the lathe, this being an ordinary form of feed mechanism and adapted to move the carrier and turret in either direction, according to the direction of rotation imparted to the shaft The vertically-movable bearing t3 of the shaft t is pivotally connected at f8 with an arm t9, attached to a rock-shaft tm, which is mounted iin bearings in the apron c. lo said rock-shaft is aiiixeda lever t, projecting upwardly and having a short shaft or stud im journaled in a socket in its upper end. On one end of the stud or shaft t1" is formed an enlargement t, which is cut away on its upper side to form a flat surface zl". (See Figs. 2l, 25, and 26.)

u represents a cylindrical stud fitted to rotate in a socket or bearing in the carrier c and held in engagement wit-h said carrier by a screw u', Fig. 11, inserted inthe carrier and entering a groove in thestud u. The inner end of the stud u has a collar or enlargement u2 affixed to it. From one side of said collar project two pins n3 uf* into holes fr o, formed in the bar 1:, which is suitably secured to the carrier, so as to move therewith, preferably by Vbeing mounted upon the studs c and q2, which respectively support the dogs c2 and the lever q', as shown in Fig. 21. It will be observed by Fig. 23 that the orifice '1'y in the bar fr closely fits the pin 11.3, while the orifice if is considerably larger than the pin l1li. Then the bar c is held in its normal position by a spring ts, it holds the stud lul in the position shown in Figs. 2l, 24, and 27, the pin u* bearing against the rear side of the enlarged oritice r', as shown in Fig. 22. Then the stud is in this position, a semicircular projection a5 on its outer endis in position to engage one edge of the enlargement t on the lever tm, as shown in Figs. 2l, 24, 25, and 27. Hence the lever 12 is held by the projection 'a5 in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 27, the bearing f3 being thus supported in its raised position and caused to hold the Worm t* in engagement with the gear Vhen one of the dogs c2 engages a notch ai* in the corresponding bar CL2, the turret and the carrier would be thereby locked to the bed of the lathe, but for a slight yielding movement which the turret and carrier are permitted to have by reason of the enlarged orifice t" in the bar r". The lower pin u* on the stud u is permitted sulticient play in the said orifice i to permit the turret, the carrier, and the bar/1* to move slightly forward after the engagement of one of the dogs with one of the notches a3 until the lower pin 'ai has moved across to the other TOO IIO

side of the enlarged orifice 11', or, in other words, from the position shown in Fig. 22 to that shown in Fig. 23, the result being the partial rotation of the stud it from the position shown in Figs. 21, 24, 25, and 27 to that shown in Fig. 26. The projection a5 on the stud u is thus disengaged from the projection 11 ou the lever 1512, so that said leveris no longer supported at its upper end, and is free to be moved by the weight of the shaft 15 to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 27, the feed-roll shaft being thus allowed to fall sufficiently to remove its worm 151 from engagement with the gear 155. The feed movement of the carrier and turret is therefore arrested until the operator, grasping a handle 1G on the short shaft 13 at the outer end of the lever 1512, restores said lever to the position shownin full lines in Fig. 27 and re-engages the projection 1514 with the projection a5. The shaft 1513has alimited rocking movement in its bearing in the lever 1512 to permit the re-engagement of the projection t11 with the projection a5, said movement being limited by two stops 151T on the lever and a pin 1518 on the shaft 1513, adapted to play between said stops. Each dog c2 is permitted to drop into engagement with the notch of the corresponding bar a2 only when the turret is adjusted to bring the operating-tool corresponding with said dog into its operative position,there being, as before stated, one dog for each tool, each dog operating to effectthe automatic disconnection of the feed-shaft in the manner above described only when the tool it accompanies is in position to operate on the stock.

The turret is provided with a series of recesses d4, corresponding in number and position to the tool on the turret, there being in this instance six of said recesses, as shown in Fig. 15, arranged at equal distances apart, like the operating-tools on the turret. Said recesses tio-operate with upwardly-projecting pins c4, attached to the dogs c2. The recesses d* are formed and arranged so that only one of the entire series of fingers c4 can coincide at a time with a recess. When the turret is adjusted with one of its tools in operative position, the recess d4 corresponding to that tool is in position to receive the pin c4 on the corresponding dog c2, the recess allowing the pin c1 to swing forward and the dog c2 to drop below the surface of the carrier sufficiently to engage a notch d2, as shown in Fig, 14. The dog` whose finger coincides with a recess d1 is therefore free to drop into the corresponding notch d3 when the movement of the carrier brings it to said notch, said dog riding on the upper surface of the bar a2 until i t reaches the notch. For convenience I divide the pins c4 into two series, those of one series being taller than those of the other, as shown in Figs. 14, 17, and 21. The recesses d1 are likewise divided into two series, those of one series being higher than those of the other. The higher recesses are arranged to engage the taller pins c1, while the lower recesses are arranged to engage the shorter pins. This arrangement preventsthe possibility of more than one pin coinciding with a recess at one time. It will be seen that by adjusting the bars 0,2 any operating-tool on the turret may be stopped at any desired point, so that the extent of operation of each tool may be predetermined. 'lhe bars d2 may be secured at any points within the range of their adjustability by set-screws u1, Fig. 5, inserted in a plate di", aixed to the bed d and arranged to bear upon the upper surfaces of the bars a2.l

In Figs. 2S and 29 -I show as an additional means for automatically disconnecting the feed-shaft from the carrier during the movement of the carrier toward the spindle an adjustable stop-screw w, supported by an adjustable bracket w', which is secured by asetscrew 102 to the lathe-bed d, and is arranged to strike a sliding rod or pin w3 in the carrier c when the carrier in moving forward brings said rod to the stop-screw. 'lheinner end of the rod lw3 bears on the upper yend of a web w1 on the stud u, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2S, said web being formed by cutting slots in opposite sides of the stud, the bottom of the slots constituting the sides of the web. N Vhen the rod w3 strikes the stop-screw w, the rod is moved backward and causes a partial rotation of the stud u, thereby disengaging the projection a5 on said' stud from the projection 1514 on the lever 1512, the result being the release of the lever and the depression of the feed-shaft, so that the feed movement of the carrier and turret is stopped.

I also show in Figs. 28 and 29 another stopscrew 105, supported by abracket w1, secured to the lathe-bed at the opposite side of the carrier and turret from the stop-screw 1U and its supporting-bracket w.- The stop-screw wi is arranged to strike a sliding rod 107, which is movable in the carrier and bears upon the lower end of the wel) 104, the arrangement being such that when the carrier, moving away from the chuck, brings the rod i127 in contact with the stop-screw 705 the stud u is rotated in the manner last described to release the lever-1512 and again disconnect the feed-shaft 1f.

My invention includes the c0mbi'nation,with the chuck-carrying spindle g, of two distinct types of clutch-one for locking the spindleto the cone-pulley, through which rapid rotation is imparted to the spindle, and the other for locking the'spindle to the gear, by means ot' which the spindle is rotated more slowly when greater power is desired. Itv is wellknown that the cone-pulley is used when high speed is to be imparted to the spindle, light duty being required of the machine, while the gear is used when the spindle is run at a slow rate of speed and performs heavier duty. This part of my invention includes the elnployment of the friction-clutch to connect the spindle with the cone-pulley and a positive clutch to connect the spindle with the gear, these different types of clutch being em- IOO IOS

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ployed because l find that the friction-clutch is better suited to the requirements of the couedpulley, which has to bc connected with the spindle when rotating so rapidly that the employment of a positive clutch would give the machine a shock when making the connection. This 'shock is prevented by the slipping of the frictioirclutch employed to connect the cone-pulley with the spindle. On the other hand the positive clutch is best suited for the connection of the gear with the spindle, because the gear rotates slowly, and it is not desirable to have any slipping in the members of the clutch that connects the gear with the spindle.

My improved combination of clutches is best shown in Fig. 3. a: represents the conepulley, which is normally loose upon the spindle g. represents a sleeve which is rigidly abxed tothe spindle so as to rotate therewith, said sleeve being located within the cone-pulley. m2 represents a sleeve which is fitted both to slide upon and rotate with the sleeve the two sleeves being connected by a key or feather ac3. One end of the sleeve :r2 is beveled at :64, and is arranged to bear against correspondingly beveled faces on radial slides Said slides are connected at their outer ends with wedges or wedge-shaped blocks m6, which are interposed between seglnental friction-plates :nl m7, the ends of which are beveled to fit the sides of the blocks x6, as shown in Fig. 4. rlhe sleeve @c2 is engaged with an annular plate its, the inner edge of which is fitted loosely in a peripheral groove formed in said sleeve. The periphery of the annular plate w8 is secured to a flange az", formed on a collar w10, which is fitted toslide upon the spindle g, and is provided with an ear m12, with which is connected by pin @cl3 an arm w1* on a short shaft m15, journaled in bearings in the frame which supports the bearings of the spindle g. Said shaft x15 has an operating lever or handle .ft-l, by which the operator may turn the shaft in either direction, and thus cause the arm w14 to move the collar .ccm and, through the described connections, the sleeve a2 lengthwise of the spindle. On the end of the sleeve :r2 opposite the beveled face are formed clutch-teeth at, which are formed to engage corresponding clutch-teeth .y on the hub of the gear y', which imparts slow motion to the spindle. lVhen the sleeve m2 is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 3, its beveled face, bearing on the beveled slides 5v5, forces said slides outwardly, and thus causes the wedge-shaped blocks as to press the segmental plates m7 against the inner surface of the cone-pulley, thereby establishing a frictional connection between the said pulley and the spindle through the described intermediate devices.

n Nhen the sleeve :n2 is moved in the opposite direction, the slides 005 are released and the frictional connection of the cone-pulley with the spindle is discontinued. At the same time the positive clutch-teeth a on the sleeve mi engage the clutch-teeth 'y on the gear 'y' and positively engage said gear with the spindle. The gear Iy is rotated by engagement with a smaller gear y2 on a shaft ya, which is provided with a gear y", meshing with a pinion if", affixed to the hub at one end of the conepulley It will be seen, therefore, that when the cone is engaged with the spindle directly by means of the friction-clutch devices the gear y is disengaged, the spindle being ro tated synchronously with the cone. Vhen the gear y is engaged with the spidle, the direct frictional connection between the cone and the spindle ceases and the spindle is rotated at a slower rate and with greater power through the described gearing.

I do not limit myself to the particular construction of the frictional and positive clutches above described, but may use any suitable clutch mechanisms adapted to operate alternately, one establishing a f rictional connection between the cone and spindle and the other a positive connection between the spindle and gear.

The feed-shaft t, that im parts the feed movements to the carrier and turret, is provided at one end with the usual cone-pulley .e and receives motion from another cone-pulley e upon a shaft z2, which is connected by a belt with a pulley .e4 on the spindle, the pulleys and e being connected by bclt This is an ordinary arrangement for im parting motion from the spindle to the feed-shaft and in itself forms no part of my invention. l have therefore devised an improved belt-shipper adapted to readily shift the belt 55 from sec tion to section of the cone-pulleys and e. Said shipping device, which isshownin Figs. 33 to 38, inclusive, comprises a longitudinally-movable slide or rack. 2', which is fitted to slide in an inclined guide or socket .el in the bed a of the lathe and has its outer end enlarged and provided with ears z8 es, to which are connected by a pivot e the shipper-bar zw. Said bar is arranged in an inclined position, as shown in Fig. 33, so that one of its ends is above the cone-pulley z on the feedshaft t, while its other end is below the conepulley e on the shaft The inclination of the slide or rack a is such that when the rack is moved lengthwise the ends of the shipperbar will move in lines parallel with the pitch or longitudinal inclination of the respective pulleys .s and e', said pulleys being reversely arranged, so that the inclination of the under side of one is in a lineparallel with the upper side of the other.

The ends of the shipper-bar are provided with belt-engaging fingers, each end having an elongated finger 512, which extends in the general direction of the length of the bar and is preferably slightly curved, and a shorter finger Z13, which extends substantially at right angles to the direction of the length of the bar and is arranged at the opposite edge of the bar from the finger The longer finger at one end oi' the bar is arranged at the op- IOO Isf

posite edge of the bar from the longer finger at the other end, and the same is true of the shorter fingers.

It will be seen by reference to Fig. 35 that the longer fingers 542 are arranged to act in moving' the belt from a smaller to a larger step of the accompanying pulley, the shorter fingers 215 acting to keep the belt in engagement with the shipper-bar, the lingers 513 being at one edge and the fingers zu at the opposite edge of the belt.

The described form and arrangement of the shipper-bar and means for giving' it motion in a direction parallel with the inclination of the portions of the pulleys with which the ends of the barco-operate enable the bar to readily shift the belt from a smaller to a larger step on one pulley and at the same time from a larger to a smaller step on the other pulley. The pivotal connection of the shipper-bar on the ears on the rack z5 gives the bar a certain freedom to swinglongitudinally, and thereby enables it to perform the operation of shipping the belt. A spring 214, placed in a socket in the enlarged outer end of the rack z5 and bearing at its outer end on the shipper-bar at one side of the pivot z holds said shipper-bar at ,215 against a shoulder 515, Fig. 3G, on the enlarged outer end of the rack, said spring' normally holding the shipper-bar in the position shown in Fig. 36 and enabling its longer fingers 512 to yield in the directions indicated by the arrows on said fingers, and thus act yieldingly in shipping the belt from the smaller to the larger sections ot' each pulley. The shipper-bar is moved to shift the belt by means of a pinion z on a shaft 218, which is journaled in bearings in the bed a and is provided with a crank zw, arranged to be grasped by the operator, who is enabled by turning the crank to move the shipper-bar in one direction or the other, as the case may be. The slide .c5 of the beltshipper may be operated by any suitable means, instead of by the raclcteeth and pinion. I

Having now described the essential parts of the machine, I will now proceed to describe certain subordinate improvements which constitute features of myinvention, saidimprovements being as follows:

First, the connection of the turret to the carrier. The turret, instead of being secured only at its center, as in the turrets of all lathes heretofore constructed, is secured by an annular gib A, which is suitably secured to the carrier, and is here shown as engaged with a groove in the periphery of the turret, the gib being composed of a horizontal flange or ring entering said groove and a base projecting downwardly from said ange or ring and bearing on the carrier. By thus securing the turret at its margin I prevent the possibility of tipping or defiection of the turret by the strain exerted upon it by the requirements of the work, it being impossible for the turret to be raised at any point from its bearing on the carrier. I do not limit myself, however, to the engagement of the gib witha groove in the periphery of the turret, as the same result would be produced by locking the gib inside ot said periphery as by forining an annular recess or groove in the under side of the turret atapoint within its periphery, the gib being formed to proj ectinto said groove. 'Ihe described connection of the turret to the carrier by a gib outside of the center of the turret renders a pivotal connection between the center of the turret and the carrier of minor consequence, so that said pivotal connection may be dispensed with, if desired.

Second, the means for securing the boxes in which the spindle g rotates to the frame-of the machine. B B2 represent heads which are affixed to the bed of the lathe and support the boxes B B, in which the spindle g rotates. Said heads B and B2 are provided at their upper portions with concaveseats B5 for the boxes B and are provided at opposite sides of said seats with hollow posts B4 B4, which are driven firmly into holes formed in the heads B B2 and project above the upper ends of said heads. B5 B5 represent caps, which are made concave on their under sides and are provided with orifices to receive the hollow posts B4. Said caps are placed upon the hollow posts and hold the boxes B B in place upon their seats B5. Bolts B5, having enlarged heads B7, pass through the hollow posts and into tapped orifices in the heads BB2 below said posts, the heads of said bolts bearing on the cap B5. By the employment of the hollow posts driven rigidly into the heads B B2, I virtually carry the heads upwardly through the cap B5, the hollow posts being in effect extensions of the heads. Hence there will be no possibility ot' the caps B5 working loose and being laterally displaced, as there would be if they were simply secured to the heads by adjustable bolts.

Third, the means for supporting the back gear-shaft {1/5. Said shaft is journaled in adjustable boxes C, which are inserted in recesses C C2, formed, respectively, in the heads B B2. Each of said recesses is made considerably larger than the box it contains and has one of its sides carefully planed or dressed to form a vertical seat C5 for the box which it receives, the box bearing only on said seat and being free from contact with the other surfaces of the recess. Hence the boxes may be vertically adj usted in the recesses by sliding them up and down upon the seats C3. The boxes C are held in the recesses C C2 by means lof pointed set-screws C4, which work in tapped sockets in the head and bear upon the sides ot the boxes opposite the sides that rest on the seat C5. The described construction enables the boxes C to be adjusted to any desired height to enable the gears y2 1/4 to properly mesh with the correspondin g gears y and g5, so that any variation in the sizes to which said gears are cut may be compensated IIO for, a :result which is very desirable in machines of this class, because it is not always practicable to maintain uniformity in the sizes of the gears. In practice the boxes containing the shaft g3 are placed in the recesses C C2 and adjusted till the gears on said shaft are properly engaged with `the gears above them. The set-screws are then adjusted to secure the boxes in their adjusted position. lt will be seen that the enlarged recesses and the set-screws holding the boxes against the sides of the recesses conduce to cheapness of construction, it being necessary to plane or dress only one side of each box and one side of each recess, the other sides beingleft rough.

Fourth, the means for cushioning the sliding rack p upon the carrier when the motion of said rack is arrested by the stop p to pre vent a violent shock or jar. The stop p is made as a plunger fitted to slide in a iixed cylindrical holder D, Fig. 8, Said plunger jp closely fits the interior of the holder D, so

that a body of air is confined between theinner end of the plunger and the inner end of the holder, said air constituting a cushion which is compressed by the impact of the rack-bar p against the plunger. The plunger has to check the momentum of the carrier and its entire load. Hence the utility of the air-cushion behind the plunger will be obvious. A springl D is placed behind the .plunger in the holder to force the plunger outwardly to its normal position after the rack has been separated from the plunger by the backward movement of the carrier. The holder D is rigidly secured to a bracket D2, which is suitably affixed to the lathe-bed a.

Fifth, the means for supportingr the lathebed and enabling it to conform to an uneven iioor without liability of deflection or sagging of the bed. The lathe-bed has two independent supports, one of which is known as a cabinet-leg E, which is located under one end of the bed, while the other is a smaller leg t', located under the opposite end of the bed. The under side of the lathe-bed is provided at the end over the leg E with a downwardlyprojecting bearing E2, which is located at about the center of the width of the bed, bctween the opposite sides thereof, as shown in Fig. 32. Said projection is the only part of the bed that bears upon the leg E', and it presents a curved under surface, which enthc leg orv the bed to be independently inclined to a slight extent without material variation in the position of the bear- -ing or point of contact of the bed with the leg. The bed is provided at its opposite sides with two other downwardly-projecting bearings E3 E3, which rest upon the horizontal upper surface of the cabinet-leg E, said bearings E3 E3 being located between the single end bearing E2 and the opposite end of the bed. It will be seen that the bearings E3 E3, both resting upon the cabinetleg, give the bed sutlicient lateral support to permit the cabinet-leg to stand more or less out of plumb, it caused to so' stand by the imperfections of the i'loor, without affecting the support of the bed. The bed is affixed to the legs E and E at the bearings E2 E3 by means of bolts E", passing through said bearings. (See Figs. i0 to 43, inclusive.) It will be observed that the described means for supporting the bed and connecting it to the legs prevents any possibility of twisting or deflecting the bed by unevenness of the door. The pivotal points or bearings are so near the center of the work that the work has practically the same rigidity that it would have if the bed were supported on legs rigidly attached to its four corners in the old way. Some attempts have been made heretofore to prevent the twisting of the bed by the unevenness of the floor, such as by the employment of legs pivoted to the Iioor and of jointed legs pivoted near the door; but in all cases the pivot points or connectionshave been too low, so that they cause an unsteadiness of the lathe, an objection which is overcome by my improvement. Another advantage of the described construction is the perfeet bearing of the bed obtained by locating the said bearings E3 E2 at some distance from the end of the lathe-bed which they support and considerably nearer the end support E2 than they would be if located at the extreme end of the bed. The supports or bearings are thus brought nearer together, thus reducing the possibility of deflection of the bed by the sagging of the same between its points of support.

Sixth, the manner of connecting to the carrier c the shoes F F', that run upon the guides l) of the lathe-bed d. The carrier is provided with two parallel grooves or recesses F2 Fi, Figs. 32 and 39, which receive said shoes, said recesses being located over the guides h. The shoe F is rigidlyaiiixed to the carrier by means of set-screws F4 F5, bearing, respectively, against the top and one side of said shoe, the screw F4 determining the height ot the shoe, while the screw F5 holds the shoe firmly against one side of the recess F3. The other shoe F is free to move laterally in the recess F2, and is secured to the carrier only by a vertical screw FG, which enters a trans verse slot extending across the shoe F', the screw Fi simply engaging the shoe with the carrier, so that it will move endwise with the carrier and at the same time will be free to move in a direction at right angles to the movement of the carrier to a slight extent, the width of the recess being considerably greater than that of the shoe, so that the shoe can conform to any twist or deflection in the guide 5,011 which it runs. It will be seen that by engaging only one ot the shoes rigidly with the carrier and permitting the other shoe to have a side slip any imperfections in the formation of the guides, resulting in a lack of absolute parallelism, will be com pensated for, so that there will be no binding of the shoes upon the guides. By securing each UDOv TIO 

